Physiotherapy is the therapeutic exercise to make the limbs work near normally. It is a rehabilitation profession with a presence in all health care centres. Therapeutic exercises are carried out by physiotherapists. The common problem at the end of fracture treatment is the wasting of muscles and stiffness of joints. These problems can be restored by the physiotherapy with gradual exercises. It has proven to be effective in the post surgery treatment and management of arthritis, spondylosis, musculo skeletal disorders, stroke and spinal cord injury.

Movement is one of the significant features of living organisms. The different types of movements are amoeboid movement, ciliary movement, flagellar movement and muscular movement. Three types of muscles are present in human beings. They are the skeletal muscle, visceral muscle and cardiac muscle. The skeletal muscles are attached to the bones by tendons.

The most striking microscopic feature of skeletal muscle is a series of light and dark bands. The muscles exhibit the properties such as excitability, contractibility, conductibility and elasticity. There are two types of muscle contraction. They are isotonic and isometric contractions.

The skeletal system consists of a frame work of bones and cartilages. The skeletal system is grouped into two principal divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. There are three types of joints present in the body: fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints.

The disorders related to muscular system are myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, tetany, muscle fatigue, muscle pull, atrophy and rigor mortis. The disorders of the skeletal system are arthritis and osteoporosis. Regular body exercise keeps the body fit and healthy.

A typical long bone has a diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (singular-epiphysis) and membranes. Even though the bones are strong, they are also susceptible to fractures or breaks.There are four major stages in repairing a simple fracture. Physiotherapy is the therapeutic exercise to make the limbs work near normally.

1. Muscles are derived from a. ectoderm b. mesoderm c. endoderm d. neuro ectoderm

2. Muscles are formed by a. myocytes b. leucocytes c. osteocytes d. lymphocytes

3. The muscles attached to the bones are called a. skeletal muscle b. cardiac muscle c. involuntary muscle d. smooth muscles

4. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones by a. tendon b. ligament c. pectin d. fibrin

5. The bundle of muscle fibres is called a. Myofibrils b. fascicle c. sarcomere d. sarcoplasm

6. The pigment present in the muscle fibre to store oxygen is a. myoglobin b. troponin c. myosin d. actin

7. The functional unit of a muscle fibre is a. sarcomere b. sarcoplasm c. myosin d. actin

8. The protein present in the thick filament is a. myosin b. actin c. pectin d. leucin

9. The protein present in the thin filament is a. myosin b. actin c. pectin d. leucin

10. The region between two successive Z-discs is called a a. sarcomere b. microtubule c. myoglobin d. actin

11. Each skeletal muscle is covered by a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. hypomysium

12. Knee joint is an example of a. saddle joint b. hinge joint c. pivot joint d. gliding joint

13. Name of the joint present between the atlas and axis is a. synovial joint b. pivot joint c. saddle joint d. hinge joint

14. ATPase enzyme needed for muscle contraction is located in a. actinin b. troponin c. myosin d. actin

15. Synovial fluid is found in a. Ventricles of the brain b. Spinal cord c. immovable joint d. freely movable joints.

16. Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals is called as a. Gout b. myasthenia gravis c. osteoporosis d. osteomalacia

17. Acetabulum is located in a. collar bone b. hip bone c. shoulder bone d. thigh bone

18. Appendicular skeleton is a. girdles and their limbs b. vertebrae c. skull and vertebral column d. ribs and sternum

19. The type of movement exhibits by the macrophages are a. flagellar b. ciliary c. muscular d. amoeboid

20. The pointed portion of the elbow is a. acromion process b. glenoid cavity c. olecranon process d. symphysis

21. Name the different types of movement.

22. Name the filaments present in the sarcomere.

23. Name the contractile proteins present in the skeletal muscle.

24. When describing a skeletal muscle, what does “striated” mean?

25. How does an isotonic contraction take place?

26. How does an isometric contraction take place?

27. Name the bones of the skull.

28. Which is the only jointless bone in human body?

29. List the three main parts of the axial skeleton

30. How is tetany caused?

31. What are the functions of the skeletal system?

32. What are the different types of rib bones that form the rib cage?

33. What are the bones that make the pelvic girdle?

34. List the disorders of the muscular system.

35. Explain the sliding- filament theory of muscle contraction.

36. What are the benefits of regular exercise?

37. What are the different types of bone fracture?

38. Write about the mechanism and healing of bone fracture.

39. What is meant by physiotherapy?

40. Comment on the dislocation of joints.