A File Tree represents the hierarchical structure of files and directories starting from a root path. In Java, file trees are typically traversed using the java.nio.file package—especially with Files.walkFileTree() and the FileVisitor interface.

It allows recursive access to directories and files, enabling actions like search, copy, delete, or analyze directory structures programmatically.

Common Use Cases:

Sample Usage: Walk and Print File Tree 

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;

public class FileTreeExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Path startPath = Paths.get("your/start/directory");

        Files.walkFileTree(startPath, new SimpleFileVisitor<Path>() {
            @Override
            public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs)
                    throws IOException {
                System.out.println("Visited file: " + file);
                return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
            }

            @Override
            public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs)
                    throws IOException {
                System.out.println("Entering directory: " + dir);
                return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
            }
        });
    }
}

Key Classes and Interfaces:

Component Purpose
Files.walkFileTree() Starts the recursive traversal
FileVisitor<T> Interface for visiting file tree nodes
SimpleFileVisitor<T> A convenient base class with default methods
Path / Paths Represents filesystem paths
BasicFileAttributes Provides file metadata

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